Malignant melanoma - Melanoma Malignant
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I te 2022 Stiftung Warentest hua mai i Tiamana, he iti noa iho te pai o nga kaihoko ki a ModelDerm i nga korero mo te waea rongoa utu.
I te 2022 Stiftung Warentest hua mai i Tiamana, he iti noa iho te pai o nga kaihoko ki a ModelDerm i nga korero mo te waea rongoa utu.
He melanoma tata ki te 2.5cm (1 inihi) ma te 1.5cm (0.6 inihi)
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesKo te melanoma he momo pukupuku ka puta i te wā e kino ana ngā melanocytes. Ko ngā melanocytes i ahu mai i te kohanga neural. Ko te tikanga ka tupu te melanoma ehara i te kiri anake engari ki ētahi atu wāhi e haere ana ngā pūtau neural crest, pērā i te kopa me te roro. Ko te hunga mate ki te stage 0 melanoma e rima tau te roa o te oranga o te 97 %, engari ko te hunga e mate ana i te stage IV he 10 % noa iho.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
Ko te Cutaneous melanoma (CM) he momo tumo kiri tino kino, he kawenga mō te 90 % o ngā mate puku‑puku kiri. Hei whakatika i tēnei, i mahi tahi ngā tohunga o the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato‑Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC).
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Ko te Melanoma, he momo skin cancer, e tu ana mo tona hononga tata ki te immune system. Ka kitea tenei mai i te nui haere o te mate ki nga tangata kua ngoikore te immune system, te noho mai o nga nevi i roto i nga pukupuku taketake e rua me to ratou horapa atu ki etahi atu wahanga o te tinana, me te mea ka taea e te immune system te mohio ki etahi pūmua kei roto i nga melanoma cells. Ko te mea nui, ko nga maimoatanga e whakanui ana i te metastasis kua whakaatuhia he oati mo te whawhai ki te skin cancer. Ahakoa he whanaketanga tata tonu te whakamahinga o te immunotherapy ki te melanoma matatau, ko nga rangahau tata nei e tohu ana ko te whakakotahi i enei rongoa me te chemotherapy, te radiation therapy, me nga targeted therapy e whaaia ana ka tino pai ake nga hua. Heoi, ka taea e taua whakamārama mate mate te whakaputa i te whānuitanga o nga paanga o te mate‑a‑mate e pa ana ki nga momo whekau, ka iti pea te whakamahi. Ma te titiro whakamua, ko nga huarahi e whai ake nei mo te rongoa i te melanoma matatau ka uru pea ki nga rongoa e aro ana ki nga waahi arowhai mate motuhake penei i te PD‑1, nga raau taero ranei e whakararu ana i nga huarahi ngota ngota penei i te BRAF me te MEK.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Ko te take tuatahi o te melanoma ko te whakamārama o te rama ultraviolet ki te hunga he iti te taumata o te kiri melanin (taupori mā). Ko te rama UV pea mai i te rā, i ngā taputapu tanning rānei. Ko te hunga he maha nga nevus, he hītori melanoma o nga mema o te whānau, me te ngoikore o te mahi aukati ka nui ake te mate ki te melanoma.
Ma te whakamahi whakamarumaru rā me te karo i te rama UV ka taea te aukati i te melanoma. Ko te tikanga ka tangohia te maimoatanga ma te pokanga. Ki te hunga he mate pukupuku paku te rahi ake, ka whakamātauria ngā kōpuku lymph tata mō te horapa (metastasis). Ko te nuinga o ngā tangata ka ora mēnā kāore he horapa. Mo te hunga kua horapahia te melanoma, ka pai ake te oranga o te immunotherapy, te biologic therapy, te radiation therapy, te chemotherapy rānei. Mā te maimoatanga, ko ngā reiti oranga e rima tau i te United States ko te 99 % i waenga i te hunga e mate ana i te rohe, 65 % i te wā kua horapa te mate ki ngā ngongo lymph, me te 25 % i waenga i te hunga kua horapa tawhiti.
Ko te Melanoma te momo tino kino o te mate pukupuku kiri. Ko Ahitereiria me Aotearoa te reiti teitei o te mate pukupuku o te ao. Ko ngā reiti teitei o te mate pukupuku ka puta anō ki te Raki o Ūropi me Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. He iti ake te āhua o te Melanoma ki Ahia, Awherika, me Amerika Latina. I te United States, 1.6 ngā wā ka nui ake te mate melanoma ki ngā tāne i ngā wāhine.
○ Ngā tohu me ngā tohu
Ko ngā tohu tuatahi o te melanoma ko ngā huringa ki te āhua me te tae o te nevus o nāianei. I roto i te take o te melanoma nodular, ko te āhua o te putunga hou i runga i te kiri. I ngā wāhanga o muri mai o te melanoma, ka patito te nevi, ka pupuhi, ka whakaheke toto rānei.
[A‑Asymmetry] Hangarite te āhua
[B‑Borders] Taitapa (he koretāke me ngā tapa me ngā kokonga)
[C‑Color] Tae (he rereke me te korikori)
[D‑Diameter] Diamita (nui ake i te 6 mm = 0.24 inihi = rite te rahi o te komuru pene)
[E‑Evolving] Te whanake i roto i te wā
cf) Ka tutuki pea te keratosis Seborrheic ki ētahi, ki te katoa rānei o ngā paearu ABCD, ka puta he whakaoho teka.
Ka taea te metastasis o te melanoma wawe, engari he onge; iti iho i te haurima o ngā melanomas ka kitea moata ka huri hei metastatic. Ka kitea te mate metastases o te roro ki ngā turoro melanoma metastatic. Ka horapa (metastasis) hoki te melanoma metastatic ki te ate, ki ngā wheua, ki te puku, ki ngā ngongo lymph tawhiti rānei.
○ Taatari
Ko te titiro ki te wāhi e pāataihia ana ko te tikanga tino noa mō te whakapae he mate pukupuku. Ko ngā nevus he rereke te tae, te āhua rānei ka kīia he tohu mate pukupuku.
Ka tirohia e ngā rata ngā kiore katoa, tae atu ki ngā iti iho i te 6 mm te whānui. Ina whakamahia e ngā tohunga kua whakangungua, he pai ake te mahi a dermoscopy ki te tautuhi i ngā mate kino atu i te whakamahi i te kanohi tahanga anake. Ko te tātaritanga mā te koiora o tētahi reanga kiri he tohu kei te mate pukupuku pea.
○ Maimoatanga
#Mohs surgery
Ka tohuhia pea e tōu tākuta te whakamārama mate mate mēnā kei a koe te wāhanga 3, te wāhanga 4 melanoma e kore e taea te tango mā te pokanga.
#Ipilimumab [Yervoy]
#Pembrolizumab [Keytruda]
#Nivolumab [Opdivo]